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A TOUGH CHALLENGE
updated 980710
 by John Canu
to whom please send any solution or further problem you may want to contribute.
  (Click on the name) 

What is the distance?
........
The distance, say, between your home and the school?
Is there only ONE distance? How then can one talk of the SHORTEST distance?
Come to think of it, there are many distances between your home and the school. Not only are they different points in your home and in the school, the distances between which can vary by perhaps several decameters, but, even assuming we pick a specific point on the threshold of your home and another one at the front door of the school, the distance between them is not the same when you go to school on foot or riding a car, and in either case it varies according to the specific route you follow.

And how about if it not you  but your dog that goes to the school, or a bee that goes in a “bee line”, or a crow that goes “as the crow flies”?

Well, then, let's simplify matters and consider the distance of which, from one point to another, there is only one: the shortest distance. Everyone knows what that is: a straight line.

Could you, if you wanted, go from your home to the school in a straight line? Not a geometrical straight line, of course, which only exists in mathematical abstraction, but, say, a path one meter wide centered on a geometrical straight line.                              

What would be required to make that possible?

But that is not the challenge, only the warm-up to it. For the challenge, pick any two points on earth at least 200 kilometers apart, for example the point (31º45'N, 106º30'W, elevation 1147 m) in my home town, El Paso, Texas, and the point (18º56'N, 72º51'E, elevation 0) in Mumbai [formerly Bombay], India, where we have had a cyberpal or two.

Question number 1 (answerable by third-graders): what would you need (excluding humans, computers, and data banks) and how could you determine approximately (with an allowable margin of error of ±10% ) the shortest distance between the two points?

Question number 2 (also answerable by third-graders, once they have what the answer to question 1 calls for): determine that distance (to ±10% ).

Question number 3 (answerable, at least in part, by third graders): What, if anything, would be required to make that straight line travel possible?

Question number 4 (requires more math than is covered in third grade; non-programmable calculator allowed, but not computer): What would be the “exact” (within ±0.01%) distance between two points with the same coordinates as the above, situated on a perfect sphere of radius 6367 km (the radius of a sphere close in size to the Earth, which is not a perfect sphere)?

Question number 5 (which I don't know how to answer): what is the actual (to ±0.0001%) distance between the two real points?

Question number 6: when you get back to your home at 4 P.M. is it in the same place as when you left it at 7 A.M.?

Question number 7: what exactly do you mean by “the same place”?


Return to the easier challenges
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Questions to which I did find some answers.

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